How to Explain Gaps in Employment (Resume & Cover Letter)

Got gaps in employment? You’re probably terrified. Whatever it was: raising your children, going back to school, traveling—that hiatus must have been for a good reason. But now you’re left with an employment gap on your resume you'll have to explain…

I asked three bestselling career experts for their best employment gap explanations. Turns out, gaps on a resume are not that much of a red flag after all.

This guide will show you:

• Why managers hate employment gaps and how to explain a gap in employment.
• How to do an end-run around resume gaps to avoid writing a bad resume.
• Where to find value in a gap in a resume employers love.
• Good reasons for a gap in employment that managers will understand.

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Use this resume template

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Two formats work great for resume gaps. The combination resume and the functional resume focus on relevant skills. See our guides for gaps in resumes and job hoppers:

• Combination Resume Template: Formatting Guide with Examples
• Functional Resume Template: Formatting Guide with Examples

Now let’s look at advice from career experts for how to explain resume gaps.

1. How to Explain Gaps in Employment

Why are employment gaps so bad?

Because of what employers fear is hiding in them.

Without explaining gaps in employment, the hiring manager may assume the worst.

So—

Be Honest

According to Orville Pierson, author of The Unwritten Rules of the Highly Effective Job Search, honesty is key.

“People have great imaginations,” says Pierson. “If employers see a gap in employment, they might assume you were incarcerated, an addict, or just plain lazy.”

“That’s the #1 reason not to display any gaps in your resume. The moment you explain the real reason, the imagined worst-case goes away.”

Employment Gap Explanation Example

Don’t Fret EVERY Gap in Employment

“You have to be honest,” says Pierson. “But you don’t have to sabotage your own job search by volunteering things that will hurt you.”

• What is an employment gap? Anything less than six months is generally OK. You still need to explain it, but “Job seeking” will cover it.
• Is your resume gap old? Don’t sweat gaps in employment 7-10 years ago. Again, you may need to explain, but an old gap isn’t serious.
• Job hopping isn’t a gap in a resume. Leaving a job in less than a year isn’t great. Sill, more than half of all employers hire job hoppers anyway.

Be Prepared

If you’ve got a gap in your resume, it will come up.

When it does, stammering like a high school freshman on a first date is not an option.

So—have an employment gap explanation ready. Then, like a fireman or a warrior in battle, fall back on your training.

• Explain why you’ve got gaps in your resume.
• Reassure the hiring manager why you won’t be doing it again.
• Share the value you picked up along the way.
• Keep your explanation short. Have a finish line so you don’t trail off into embarrassed silence.

Need to know exactly how to explain gaps in employment so you don’t write a bad resume? I’ll give you some surprising answers next.

Steve Dalton, author of The 2-Hour Job Search, has a unique way of patching a gap in employment:

“If I have a job-seeker with a gap in their resume,” says Dalton, “I encourage them to overcome it with a referral.”

Referrals create instant liking.

“Once I like you, you’d basically need to tell me you committed a felony to change my mind.”

To get referrals:

1. Find the companies you most want to work for.
2. Contact employees at those companies.
3. Turn them into advocates by A) having a conversation and B) being a good listener.

“Interested is interesting,” Dalton says. “The #1 factor in charisma is how well you’re perceived to be listening.”

Pro Tip: Are you a job hopper? That’s worse than a resume gap, but it doesn’t mean you’ll write a bad resume. Many managers actually like to hire job hoppers, as this Forbes article explains.

Making a resume with our builder is incredibly simple. Follow our step-by-step guide, use ready-made content tailored to your job and have a resume ready in minutes.

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When you’re done, our online resume builder will score your resume and our ATS resume checker will tell you exactly how to make it better.

Are you coming out of a gap in your employment and into a new career? Afraid you might face an employment check? See our guide: Career Change Resume: Sample and How-To-Guide

Plus, if you want to check what the best answer to the "Why did you leave your last job?" question is, read our guide: Reasons for Leaving a Job: Best Explanation for This Interview Question

2. A Solid Plan to Explain Gaps in Employment

Imagine you’re in an interview.

Across the conference table sit three hiring managers.

On the wall behind them is a poster of an eagle that says, Leadership.

Then they ask the dreaded question:

“What’s this job gap here?”

The skin behind your ears begins to burn. Did you write a bad resume?

How should you explain gaps in employment in an interview?

Prove You Won’t Do it Again

A bad hire costs a company $50,000 to $100,000.

One of the hiring manager’s biggest fears? One gap in employment means you may do it again.

“Let’s say you have a resume gap because you were in a bad car accident,” says Pierson. “You must tell them it’s completely resolved. Otherwise they might wonder if you're fully capable of work.”

Find the Value

Were you a ski bum during your gaps in employment? Maybe you did some ski instruction.

“That’s a reputable part-time job,” says Pierson.

Being a stay-at-home mom is respectable work, too. One of Pierson’s clients added value by volunteering at a church where she managed 30 other volunteers. That was real managerial experience and she put it on her resume.

Look for Relevant Achievements In:

• Volunteer Work
• Freelancing
• Part Time Work
• Challenges You Faced

Match Your Resume Gap in Employment to the Job Opening

Your employment gap explanation should prove you weren’t idle.

But linking gaps in employment to the job offer is masterful.

A ski bum who did ski instruction is a match for jobs requiring training skills, communication, or experience with children.

The real trick?

Read the job offer carefully. Find the qualities it’s looking for.

Then examine the gap in your resume. Find achievements that prove you have those qualities.

Shorten Your Job Gap Now

What’s better than explaining gaps in employment?

According to Pierson, the best strategy is avoiding having a resume gap in the first place. As soon as you’re unemployed, start consulting or volunteering.

It’s best if it’s related to your primary skills, but any work at all gives additional experience, skills, and references.

Consider a Cover Letter

Do I need a cover letter if I’ve got gaps in my resume?

Some experts say yes.

For example, see this shortened sample cover letter explaining a gap in employment. It explains that the gap won’t repeat. It also lists a relevant achievement.

However, Pierson cautions against explaining unemployment gaps with cover letters. He prefers to save the cover letter for more supplemental information.

David Perry, author of Guerrilla Marketing for Job Hunters, lays out a great plan to explain gaps in employment. Namely, don’t sweat the employment gap explanation.

“Instead,” says Perry, “use your resume to show: 1. How you can make them money, 2. How you can save them money, 3. How you can boost their efficiency.”

How?

1. Google search a company you want to work at + department name + “resume” + “-apply”.
2. Click the images tab. You’ll see resumes from people who worked there.
3. Contact some of them and have a chat. You’ll get a great sense of the issues in that department.
4. Map those issues against your past accomplishments and put them in your resume.

“If you target 10 or 20 companies that way,” says Perry, “you won’t get past #7 without an interview.

What about the resume gap? The hiring manager will barely notice it by then.

Need some tips to write a cover letter that explains your gap in employment? Looking for some letter of explanation samples? See our guide: How to Make a Cover Letter for Any Job in 8 Simple Steps

3. Four Good Reasons for Employment Gaps

Need some good example reasons for gaps in employment?

Here’s a short list. Make sure to explain why you won’t repeat the gap.

A Failed Business

Did the gaps in your resume come from a failed startup?

A failed business doesn’t mean a bad resume.

In fact, career experts encourage showing a failed business.

Even a failed attempt conveys a whole raft of information about your competency level.

Find achievements from the business that fit the current job. Then add them to your resume as bullet points.

Family Reasons

Starting a family—or family troubles—are excellent reasons for gaps in employment.

As with any gap, show closure. The divorce is final. Or you went to counseling and are now in love. Or the kids are now in school.

Most employers know family is important. They’ll be reassured it wasn’t drugs, jail, or something equally as frightening.

Finding Your Way

Did your employment gap come from needing a break?

Hiring managers will generally understand, as long as you can prove you’re done.

In a crucial interview, I had to explain to the Dean of Admissions at Colby College why I’d spent two years out of school.

“You had a C average too,” he said. “What’s my guarantee you won’t do it again?”

My answer? I finally understood I wanted to be a writer. Colby was the perfect next step.

He smiled and shook my hand. Two years later, I graduated with a writing degree, high honors, and a post-graduate fellowship.

Illness

Injuries and illnesses explain resume gaps in employment.

Just make sure to show it’s in the past.

You can leave it as, “I had an illness, but I’m 100% recovered with no chance of a relapse.”

In the U.S., employers can’t legally ask questions about an illness-related gap in employment.

Pro Tip: How much worse is job-hopping than an employment history resume gap? There are pros (upward mobility) and cons (a reputation as a quitter) as this RobertHalf survey shows.

Need achievements from your gap in employment to prove your skills? See our guide: Achievements to Include on a Resume (30+ Examples)

Plus, a great cover letter that matches your resume will give you an advantage over other candidates. You can write it in our cover letter builder here. Here's what it may look like:

Create my cover letter now

See more cover letter templates and start writing.

Key Takeaway

Here’s a recap of how to explain gaps in employment so they don’t torpedo your job search:

• Come up with an employment gap explanation. Without one, employers will assume the worst. Be honest. An employment check will catch you if you’re not.
• Prove you won’t do it again. Tell your story to show why the resume gap will not recur.
• Find the value. Identify achievements in the gap in employment that fit the job offer like Isotoners.
• Make an end-run around the gap in your resume. Work to get a referral from a company employee. Do some research to find out what the company needs. Then show matching achievements on your resume.  

Do you have questions on how to explain gaps in resumes? Not sure how to find the right achievements? Give us a shout in the comments! Let's get you in that dream job.

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This article has been reviewed by our editorial team to make sure it follows Zety's editorial guidelines. We’re committed to sharing our expertise and giving you trustworthy career advice tailored to your needs. High-quality content is what brings over 40 million readers to our site every year. But we don't stop there. Our team conducts original research to understand the job market better, and we pride ourselves on being quoted by top universities and prime media outlets from around the world.